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| Dilip R. Abayasekara, Ph.D., A.S |
Stephen Covey said that highly effective
people have seven habits in common.
Interestingly, over a period of twenty years of receiving and giving
speech evaluations, I have noticed that great evaluators also have seven
“habits” in common. These “habits” are
constituted of knowledge, communication, demonstration, and insight. When you put these seven habits into
practice, you too can become a highly effective evaluator.
#1.
Understand Why
Great evaluators understand why they are
evaluating a speech. This understanding
tells them what they should not do. They
know that they should not upstage the speaker, make the speaker feel
inadequate, give the speech, give a summary of the speech, overly praise the
speaker without giving pointers for improvement, criticize the speaker and the
speech, or otherwise create no value for the speaker.
The first “habit” is one of applied
knowledge. This knowledge is that the
evaluator has three objectives: (1) reinforce the strengths of the speaker; (2)
suggest ways that the speech could be improved; (3) encourage the speaker. The measure of the evaluator’s skill is the
value the speaker receives from the evaluation.
Great evaluators are never self-centered; they focus their energy, on
achieving the above three goals for the benefit of the speaker.
#2.
Reassure
Just like good doctors have a good bedside
manner, effective evaluators have a manner that reassures the speaker that he
or she need not feel threatened by the evaluation. If you’ve ever had one of your speeches
evaluated, you know the apprehensive feeling just before the evaluator begins
his evaluation of your speech. Great
evaluators are sensitive to this apprehension and try to reassure the speaker
that there is nothing to fear.
Evaluators who do not understand the need for
reassurance may undermine the relationship of trust they want to build between
themselves and the speaker by doing something as simple as taking a large pad
of paper or a clipboard with them to the lectern. That large pad of paper or clipboard may
suggest to the speaker that you are going to elaborate on a large number of
problems regarding the speech. I take
only one piece of paper, sometimes folded in half, the smaller the better. Some evaluators eschew any notes and try to
do the evaluation by memory. I think
that is unnecessary and borders on showmanship.
Effective evaluators use key words and phrases written in an orderly
manner that allows them to keep on track while speaking conversationally.
Facial expressions that are reassuring
(especially smiling), fluid body movements and gestures, open body positions
(arms open, not crossed), well modulated voice volume and tone all create an
atmosphere that makes it easy for the speaker to listen to the evaluator.
#3.
Follow a Sequence for Psychological Receptivity
How do you make someone want to listen to you
when they are afraid that you will criticize them? Here’s a secret that highly effective
evaluators know. Make the person feel appreciated before you suggest ways that
he or she might improve!
A speaker feels appreciated by an evaluator
when the evaluator notices and mentions the things that the speaker did
well. Be specific in your praise. Don’t just praise the speaker for doing a
“great job.” Tell the speaker what he or
she specifically did and said that you thought was noteworthy. This recognition creates psychological
receptivity, a mental state that accepts what you say. This is the reason why great evaluators
always start off by recognizing what the speaker did well.
The sequence that you, the effective
evaluator will follow is: recognize what the speaker did well; make suggestions
for improving the speech; encourage the speaker and leave him wanting to return
to the lectern. Like the meat in a
sandwich, the suggestions for improvement are sandwiched between recognizing
the speaker’s strengths and encouraging the speaker.
#4. It’s Just Your Opinion
Highly effective evaluators are humble enough
to know that what they are sharing is just their individual opinion and is not
necessarily the voice of the majority of the audience. So they sprinkle their comments with “I”
statements. Examples are: “I thought
that your opening was perfect for what you were trying to accomplish with your
speech.” “It seemed to me that your
pauses were a little too short.” I felt
a little disconnected with your speech because you didn’t look at me.”
One reason that you make it clear to the
speaker that you are only giving your opinion is that the speaker will then
feel free to accept or reject your comments without worrying whether every
person in the audience felt the way you did.
This eases the pressure and let’s the speaker know that you are honestly
sharing the way you felt about the speech.
Sometimes inexperienced speakers shy away
from evaluating the speech of an experienced speaker. This is understandable if evaluations are
supposed to reflect the mood of the audience.
The truth is that evaluations can only reflect the response of the
individual evaluator. Once new
Toastmasters understand that, it is much easier for them to gather the courage
to give a good evaluation.
#5. It’s Just a Suggestion
“Where the rubber meets the road” in an
evaluation is how well the evaluator’s recommendations are received by the
speaker. If the evaluator is too pushy,
the speaker may mentally reject the evaluator’s analysis of the speech. So, effective evaluators always qualify their
remarks by softening the tone of their recommendations. Note the italicized words in the following
examples:
“You may want to consider this method in order
to establish good eye contact.”
“When I was a beginning speaker, I too had
a problem uttering too many uhms. Over
the past few years, I’ve learned a way to overcome that. This approach may be helpful to you too;
this is how it works.”
“Perhaps writing out your manuscript
in outline form may
help you get away from dependence on the text.”
When you phrase the recommendation
like a suggestion, it will become easier for the speaker to be open minded
about your suggestion.
#6. Don’t Just Talk,
Demonstrate!
Highly effective evaluators
believe that showing is more powerful than telling. This is why they demonstrate, as far as
possible, the improvements that they recommend to the speaker. For example, instead of saying, “Jenny,
consider trying harder to establish good eye contact,” you could say, “I have
found that I can establish good eye contact with the members of my audience
when I think that they are not a mass, but a collection of individuals. I’m speaking to one person at a time! My experience is that if I hold my gaze with
each person’s eyes for three to five seconds, (demonstrate this as you speak)
audience members feel as if I’m directly taking with them. Try that and see if it works for you.”
Demonstrating is not always
possible. But as far as possible,
demonstrate the improvements you suggest.
You will increase clarity, understanding, and receptiveness.
#7. Evaluate with Your
Whole Self
Great evaluators use their
eyes, ears, mind, and heart when evaluating a speech. The eyes observe the speaker’s body
language, dress, movement, posture, facial expressions, gestures, and command
of the speaking area. The ears
listen for vocal quality and vocal variety, for diction and articulation, rate
of speech, pitch, and volume modulation.
The mind
analyzes the speech structure, clarity, logic, transitions, and achievement of
purpose. The heart
analyzes the connection of the speaker and the message to the audience, the
speaker’s presence and self-confidence, the flow and feeling OF the message.
The above is why an
effective evaluation never sounds wooden or dull. A great evaluation has a life of its own
because it is delivered from the whole self of the evaluator.
The Final Question
Sometimes you will hear a
presentation that is so excellent that you find it difficult to come up with
any suggestion for improvement. Ah! That is a test of your evaluation skills. In such a case, I have found this to be very
helpful: ask yourself “What is the one thing, that when properly done, would
have the greatest positive effect on this speech?”
The answer to the above
question can take many forms. Applying
it to an excellent speech a few months ago, I realized that although excellent
in many ways, the speaker did not relate the value of the talk to the interests
of the audience. Another time, I felt
that the speaker was so intent in delivering a “speech,” that he forgot to
simply and conversationally talk with us.
Having competed in as well as judged evaluation contests for many years,
I find that all other things being equal, the person who wins a District level
evaluation speech contest is one who is able to articulate the most significant
way that the speaker could improve.
So there you have
it. As I mentioned in the opening
paragraph, the seven habits of highly effective evaluators are an amalgamation
of knowledge, communication, demonstration, and insight. The only way to learn them is to purposely
put them in to practice every time you evaluate a speaker. After a while, these skills will become part
of you. What that means is that every speaker
you evaluate will get great value from your evaluation. Even more important, you would have learned a
skill that will help you in every form of human interaction. You will have in your grasp, the power to
help another person grow.
Dilip R. Abayasekara, Ph.D., A.S. is a highly sought
after public speaking coach, trainer, and keynote speaker. He is owner of
Speaker Services Unlimited, a coaching and training company which “Prepares
Leaders to Communicate Effectively.” Author of The Path of the Genie – Your
Journey to Your Heart’s Desire, he has presented in the USA
